Table 1 Cesarean delivery rates according to prenatal care utilization and household socioeconomic characteristics
From: Prenatal care and socioeconomic status: effect on cesarean delivery
| Full sample (N = 102,236) | Low-risk subsample (N = 20,683) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deliveries, % | Cesarean rate, % | Chi-square test | Deliveries, % | Cesarean rate, % | Chi-square test | |
| Prenatal care | ||||||
| First antenatal visit | (n = 100,672) | (n = 20,357) | ||||
| First trimester | 98.5 | 23.9 | 3.7 | 98.7 | 11.4 | 7.3b |
| Second trimester | 1.2 | 23.0 | 1.0 | 14.7 | ||
| Third trimester | 0.3 | 19.8 | 0.3 | 21.1 | ||
| Obstetric ultrasounds | (n = 94,686) | (n = 19,276) | ||||
| < 3 | 1.7 | 20.6 | 1000.0a | 1.1 | 11.5 | 0.7 |
| = 3 | 68.3 | 20.8 | 76.1 | 11.4 | ||
| ≥ 4 | 30.0 | 30.4 | 22.8 | 11.9 | ||
| Nuchal translucency ultrasound | (n = 98,643) | (n = 19,972) | ||||
| Yes | 97.1 | 23.9 | 12.5a | 97.5 | 11.5 | 0.5 |
| No | 2.9 | 21.1 | 2.5 | 12.5 | ||
| Morphology ultrasound | (n = 98,334) | (n = 19,885) | ||||
| Yes | 98.9 | 24.0 | 28.2a | 99.1 | 11.5 | 0.8 |
| No | 1.1 | 17.0 | 0.9 | 9.3 | ||
| Early prenatal interview | (n = 88,690) | (n = 17,882) | ||||
| Yes | 20.4 | 22.3 | 15.1a | 27.9 | 10.6 | 2.6 |
| No | 79.6 | 23.7 | 72.1 | 11.4 | ||
| Prenatal education | (n = 82,417) | (n = 17,159) | ||||
| Yes | 54.9 | 21.9 | 99.1a | 75.8 | 10.9 | 15.6a |
| No | 45.1 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 13.2 | ||
| Woman’s socioeconomic level | ||||||
| Familial situation | (n = 100,411) | (n = 20,328) | ||||
| Married or cohabiting | 98.0 | 23.8 | 1.4 | 97.8 | 11.6 | 1.1 |
| Single | 2.0 | 25.0 | 2.2 | 10.0 | ||
| Healthcare coverage | (n = 100,146) | (n = 20,253) | ||||
| Insured | 98.5 | 23.9 | 1.3 | 98.5 | 11.6 | 0.8 |
| Uninsured | 1.5 | 22.7 | 1.5 | 9.9 | ||
| Education | (n = 79,428) | (n = 16,080) | ||||
| Primary school | 2.7 | 24.9 | 62.1a | 1.3 | 16.2 | 45.4a |
| Some secondary school | 14.0 | 25.2 | 10.4 | 13.0 | ||
| Completed secondary school | 21.9 | 25.4 | 21.8 | 13.3 | ||
| College or university | 61.4 | 22.8 | 66.5 | 9.8 | ||
| Occupation | (n = 70,201) | (n = 14,818) | ||||
| Manual worker | 1.4 | 26.7 | 45.6a | 1.1 | 13.8 | 26.7a |
| Office, sales, or service staff | 55.2 | 24.9 | 57.8 | 12.0 | ||
| Farmer | 0.3 | 24.4 | 0.3 | 18.2 | ||
| Crafts/trades worker or entrepreneur | 2.9 | 25.5 | 2.8 | 11.4 | ||
| Intermediate (technical) | 9.2 | 23.4 | 9.6 | 10.8 | ||
| Managerial or higher intellectual | 31.0 | 22.7 | 28.4 | 9.1 | ||
| Work status | (n = 83,351) | (n = 16,838) | ||||
| Working | 69.6 | 24.0 | 22.4a | 75.8 | 10.9 | 2.2 |
| Unemployed | 6.7 | 25.1 | 7.3 | 10.9 | ||
| Not in labor force | 23.7 | 22.6 | 16.9 | 11.9 | ||
| Partner’s socioeconomic level | ||||||
| Occupation | (n = 78,712) | (n = 15,826) | ||||
| Manual worker | 9.3 | 24.5 | 19.0a | 8.2 | 11.7 | 17.4a |
| Office, sales, or service staff | 40.1 | 24.2 | 43.6 | 11.8 | ||
| Farmer | 0.4 | 24.8 | 0.3 | 17.3 | ||
| Crafts/trades worker or entrepreneur | 7.3 | 23.6 | 6.5 | 10.2 | ||
| Intermediate (technical) | 6.2 | 23.2 | 6.6 | 8.5 | ||
| Manager or higher intellectual | 36.7 | 22.8 | 34.8 | 10.2 | ||
| Work status | (n = 79,154) | (n = 16,148) | ||||
| Working | 89.8 | 23.6 | 6.3b | 89.8 | 10.9 | 2.2 |
| Unemployed | 4.4 | 24.7 | 4.1 | 12.8 | ||
| Not in labor force | 5.8 | 24.9 | 6.1 | 10.8 | ||